Ethiopic or Ge’ez (ግዕዝ) Alphabet
and transliteration to Latin & International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)Ge’ez (Ge’ez: ግዕዝ, Gəʿəz) (also known as Ethiopic) is a script used as an abugida (alphasyllabary) for several languages of Ethiopia and Eritrea. It originated as an abjad (consonant-only alphabet) and was first used to write Ge’ez, now the liturgical language of the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church and the Eritrean Orthodox Tewahedo Church. In Amharic and Tigrinya, the script is often called fidäl (ፊደል), meaning “script” or “alphabet”.
The Ge’ez script has been adapted to write other, mostly Semitic, languages, particularly Amharic in Ethiopia, and Tigrinya in both Eritrea and Ethiopia. It is also used for Sebatbeit, Me’en, and most other languages of Ethiopia. In Eritrea it is used for Tigre, and it has traditionally been used for Blin, a Cushitic language. Tigre, spoken in western and northern Eritrea, is considered to resemble Ge’ez more than do the other derivative languages.[citation needed] Some other languages in the Horn of Africa, such as Oromo, used to be written using Ge’ez, but have migrated to Latin-based orthographies. – Wikipedia (04-14-2020)
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Below is a near-complete list of the Ge’ez Script
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E
U
Ē
Ä
Ā
-
Ȯ
Latin | ä (æ) | u (u) | i (i) | a (aː) | e (e) | ə (ɨ) | o (o) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
b (b) | በ | ቡ | ቢ | ባ | ቤ | ብ | ቦ |
v (v) | ቨ | ቩ | ቪ | ቫ | ቬ | ቭ | ቮ |
s (s) | ሰ | ሱ | ሲ | ሳ | ሴ | ስ | ሶ |
ś (ɬ) | ሸ | ሹ | ሺ | ሻ | ሼ | ሽ | ሾ |
k (k) | ከ | ኩ | ኪ | ካ | ኬ | ክ | ኮ |
x (x) | ኸ | ኹ | ኺ | ኻ | ኼ | ኽ | ኾ |
l (l) | ለ | ሉ | ሊ | ላ | ሌ | ል | ሎ |
' (ʔ) | አ | ኡ | ኢ | ኣ | ኤ | እ | ኦ |
z (z) | ዘ | ዙ | ዚ | ዛ | ዜ | ዝ | ዞ |
ž (ʒ) | ዠ | ዡ | ዢ | ዣ | ዤ | ዥ | ዦ |
d (d) | ደ | ዱ | ዲ | ዳ | ዴ | ድ | ዶ |
j (dʒ) | ዸ | ዹ | ዺ | ዻ | ዼ | ዽ | ዾ |
ṣ (t͡s') | ጸ | ጹ | ጺ | ጻ | ጼ | ጽ | ጾ |
p̣ (p') | ጰ | ጱ | ጲ | ጳ | ጴ | ጵ | ጶ |
Latin | ä (æ) | u (u) | i (i) | a (aː) | e (e) | ə (ɨ) | o (o) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ṭ (t') | ጠ | ጡ | ጢ | ጣ | ጤ | ጥ | ጦ |
č̣ (t͡ʃ') | ጨ | ጩ | ጪ | ጫ | ጬ | ጭ | ጮ |
ḥ (ħ) | ሐ | ሑ | ሒ | ሓ | ሔ | ሕ | ሖ |
Latin | ä (æ) | u (u) | i (i) | a (aː) | e (e) | ə (ɨ) | o (o) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
g (g) | ገ | ጉ | ጊ | ጋ | ጌ | ግ | ጎ |
p (p) | ፐ | ፑ | ፒ | ፓ | ፔ | ፕ | ፖ |
n (n) | ነ | ኑ | ኒ | ና | ኔ | ን | ኖ |
ñ (ɲ) | ኘ | ኙ | ኚ | ኛ | ኜ | ኝ | ኞ |
t (t) | ተ | ቱ | ቲ | ታ | ቴ | ት | ቶ |
č (t͡ʃ) | ቸ | ቹ | ቺ | ቻ | ቼ | ች | ቾ |
q (k') | ቀ | ቁ | ቂ | ቃ | ቄ | ቅ | ቆ |
qʰ (q) | ቐ | ቑ | ቒ | ቓ | ቔ | ቕ | ቖ |
y (j) | የ | ዩ | ዪ | ያ | ዬ | ይ | ዮ |
Latin | ä (æ) | u (u) | i (i) | a (aː) | e (e) | ə (ɨ) | o (o) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
r (r) | ረ | ሩ | ሪ | ራ | ሬ | ር | ሮ |
f (f) | ፈ | ፉ | ፊ | ፋ | ፌ | ፍ | ፎ |
Latin | ä (æ) | u (u) | i (i) | a (aː) | e (e) | ə (ɨ) | o (o) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
h (h) | ሀ | ሁ | ሂ | ሃ | ሄ | ህ | ሆ |
ʿ (ʕ) | ዐ | ዑ | ዒ | ዓ | ዔ | ዕ | ዖ |
w (w) | ወ | ዉ | ዊ | ዋ | ዌ | ው | ዎ |
m (m) | መ | ሙ | ሚ | ማ | ሜ | ም | ሞ |
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 |
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፩ | ፪ | ፫ | ፬ | ፭ | ፮ | ፯ | ፰ | ፱ |
*አሐዱ | *ክልኤቱ | *ሠለስቱ | አርባዕቱ | ኀምስቱ | ስድስቱ | ሰብዐቱ | ሰማንቱ | ተስዐቱ |
*(ʾäḥädu) | *(kəlʾetu) | *(śälästu) | (ʾärbaʿtu) | (ḫämsətu) | (sədsətu) | (säbʿätu) | (sämantu) | (täsʿätu) |
*As ordinal numbers are, respectively, pronounced: ቀዳሚ (ḳädami); ካልዕ (kalʿ) and; ሠልስ (śäls) |
10 | 20 | 30 | 40 | 50 | 60 | 70 | 80 | 90 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
፲ | ፳ | ፴ | ፵ | ፶ | ፷ | ፸ | ፹ | ፺ |
ዐሠርቱ | እስራ | ሠላሳ | አርብዓ | ሃምሳ | ስድሳ | ሰብዓ | ሰማንያ | ተሰዓ |
(ʿäśärtu) | (ʾəsra) | (śälasa) | (ʾärəbʿa) | (haməsa) | (sədsa) | (säbəʿa) | (sämanəya) | (täsäʿa) |
For numbers between the decades, simply combine, adding "wä" for "and" - i.e. ፲፩ (ʾäśärətu wäʾäḥädu) for 10 and 1, equaling 11 |
0 | 100 | 1,000 | 10,000 | 100,000 | 1,000,000 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
፻ | ፻ | ፼ | ፻፻ | ፲፻፻ | ፻፻፻ |
አልቦ | ምዕት | አሠርቱ ምዕት | እልፍ | አሠርቱ እልፍ | አእላፋት |
(ʾälbo) | (məʿt) | (ʾäśärətu məʿt) | (ʾləf) | (ʾäśärətu ʾləf) | (ʾäʾəlafat) |
For numbers between 100-1,000, simply combine, adding "wä" for "and" between the two right-most words in the compound - i.e. ፻፲፩ (məʿt ʾäśärətu wäʾäḥädu) for 100+10+1, equaling 111 |